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high efficiency linear regulators post regulators for switching supplies microprocessor supply description gm11 17 of positive adjustable and fixed regulators is de- signed to provide 1.0a output with low dropout voltage per- formance. on-chip trimming adjusts the reference voltage to 1%. for usage on working in post regulators or micro- processor power supplies, low voltage operation and fast transient response are required. pin-to-pin compatible with the lt1086 family of regulators, gm11 17 is available in surface-mount sot-223 and to- 252 packages. application features adjustable or fixed output output current of 1.0a dropout voltage (t ypical) 1.15v @ 1.0a line regulation 0.2% max. load regulation 0.4% max. fast transient response current limit protection thermal shutdown protection typical applica tion circuits hard drive controllers battery chargers adjustable power supply (adjustable version) v o u t g n d v i n g m 1 1 1 7 - 3 . 3 (fixed version) g m 1 1 1 7 v 0 . 1 www.gammamicro.com 1 + + c1 10f t ant c2 10f t ant. min v = 3 . 3 v o u t v > 4 . 7 5 v i n v o u t a d j v i n + + c1 10f t ant c2 10f t ant. min v = 3 . 4 5 v o u t v > 4 . 7 5 v i n g m 1 1 1 7 - a d j r1 133 w 1.0% r2 232 w 1.0% 2 3 1 2 3 1 notes: 1. c1 needed if device is far from filter capacitors 2. c2 minimum value required for stability v v r 2 = x ( 1 + ) + i x o u t r e f a d j r2 r1 a a m i c r o e l e c t r o n i c s g m 111 7 1.0a low dropout precision linear regulators power management
marking information & pin configura tions (t op view) to-252 (dp ak) on fixed versions pin 1 = gnd, on adjustable versions pin 1 = a tab = v out dj package shipping to-252 to-252 to-252 to-220 to-220 to-220 80 / tube units 80 / tube units 80 / tube units 50 / tube units 50 / tube units 50 / tube units 2,500 / t ape & reel units 2,500 / t ape & reel units 2,500 / t ape & reel units 50 / tube units 50 / tube units 50 / tube units 800 / t ape & reel units 800 / t ape & reel units 800 / t ape & reel units sot-223 sot-223 sot-223 sot-223 sot-223 sot-223 80 units / tube 80 units / tube 80 units / tube gm11 17 -atc3t gm11 17 -1.5tc3t gm11 17 -1.8tc3t gm11 17 -atb3t gm11 17 -1.5tb3t gm11 17 -1.8tb3t gm11 17 -atc3r gm11 17 -1.5tc3r gm11 17 -1.8tc3r gm11 17 -at a3t gm11 17 -1.5ta3t gm11 17 -1.8ta3t gm11 17 -at a3r gm11 17 -1.5ta3r gm11 17 -1.8ta3r ordering number gm11 17-ast3t gm11 17-1.5st3t gm11 17-1.8st3t gm11 17-ast3r gm11 17-1.5st3r gm11 17-1.8st3r output v oltage to-252 to-252 to-252 to-263 to-263 to-263 to-263 to-263 to-263 ad j 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 ad j ad j ad j ad j ad j ad j v v/vvv = output voltage (50 = 5.0v , 285= 2.85v ,a =adj ) a = assembly location y = y ear w w = weekly 2,500 / t ape & reel units 2,500 / t ape & reel units 2,500 / t ape & reel units g m 1 1 1 7 2 v in v out adj/ gnd* gm1117 vvayww sot-223 v in v out adj/gnd* gm1117 vva yww to-220 gm1117 vvayww v in v out adj/ gnd* gm1117 vvayww 2 to-263-2 (d pak) v in v out adj/ gnd* ordering information * for detail ordering number identification, please see last page. a a m i c r o e l e c t r o n i c s g m 111 7 1.0a low dropout precision linear regulators power management
g m 1 1 1 7 3 package shipping to-252 to-252 to-252 to-252 to-252 to-220 to-220 to-220 to-220 to-220 80 / tube units 80 / tube units 80 / tube units 80 / tube units 80 / tube units 50 / tube units 50 / tube units 50 / tube units 50 / tube units 50 / tube units 2,500 / t ape & reel units 2,500 / t ape & reel units 2,500 / t ape & reel units 2,500 / t ape & reel units 2,500 / t ape & reel units 50 / tube units 50 / tube units 50 / tube units 50 / tube units 50 / tube units 800 / t ape & reel units 800 / t ape & reel units 800 / t ape & reel units 800 / t ape & reel units 800 / t ape & reel units sot-223 sot-223 sot-223 sot-223 sot-223 sot-223 sot-223 sot-223 sot-223 sot-223 80 units / tube 80 units / tube 80 units / tube 80 units / tube 80 units / tube gm11 17 -2.5tc3t gm11 17 -2.85tc3t gm11 17 -3.3tc3t gm11 17 -3.0tc3t gm11 17 -5.0tc3t gm11 17 -2.5tb3t gm11 17 -2.85tb3t gm11 17 -3.3tb3t gm11 17 -3.0tb3t gm11 17 -5.0tb3t gm11 17 -2.5tc3r gm11 17 -2.85tc3r gm11 17 -3.3tc3r gm11 17 -3.0tc3r gm11 17 -5.0tc3r gm11 17 -2.5ta3t gm11 17 -2.85ta3t gm11 17 -3.3ta3t gm11 17 -3.0ta3t gm11 17 -5.0ta3t gm11 17 -2.5ta3r gm11 17 -2.85ta3r gm11 17 -3.3ta3r gm11 17 -3.0ta3r gm11 17 -5.0ta3r ordering number gm11 17-2.5st3t gm11 17-2.85st3t gm11 17- st3t 3.3 gm11 17-3.0st3t gm11 17-5.0st3t gm11 17- st3r 2.5 gm11 17- st3r 2.85 gm11 17- st3r 3.3 gm11 17- st3r 3.0 gm11 17- st3r 5.0 output v oltage to-252 to-252 to-252 to-252 to-252 to-263 to-263 to-263 to-263 to-263 to-263 to-263 to-263 to-263 to-263 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.85 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 2.85 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2,500 / t ape & reel units 2,500 / t ape & reel units 2,500 / t ape & reel units 2,500 / t ape & reel units 2,500 / t ape & reel units ordering information (continued) * for detail ordering number identification, please see last page. a a m i c r o e l e c t r o n i c s g m 111 7 1.0a low dropout precision linear regulators power management
p ara met er block diagram oper ating junc tion t empe rature ran ge cont rol se ction powe r tr ansis tor powe r diss ipatio n input voltage lead temperature(soldering, 10sec) v i n v o u t g n d t h e r m a l s h u t d o w n b a n d g a p r e f e r e n c e o u t p u t c u r r e n t l i m i t e r r o r a m p l i f i e r + - absolute maximum ratings v i n v o u t a d j t h e r m a l s h u t d o w n b a n d g a p r e f e r e n c e o u t p u t c u r r e n t l i m i t e r r o r a m p l i f i e r + - stora ge t empe rature rang e thermal characteristics sot-223 thermal resistance, junction-to-case dpak thermal resistance, junction-to-case 2 dp a k thermal resistance, junction-to-case g m 1 1 1 7 4 (adjustable version) (fixed version) sym bol v alu e uni t inter nally limit ed w t lead v in 7.0 300 0 to 1 25 0 to 1 50 v c c p d t stg -65 t o + 1 50 15 c t j r q jc 6.0 3.0 c/ w a a m i c r o e l e c t r o n i c s g m 111 7 1.0a low dropout precision linear regulators power management
electrical characteristics (typicals and limits appearing in normal type apply for t = 25c) j parameter symbol min typ max unit condition reference voltage output voltage gm11 17-adj gm11 17-1.8 gm11 17-2.5 gm11 17-3.3 gm11 17-5.0 v ref v o i =10ma, v = 5v out in 10ma i 1.0a, 2.65v v 7v out in i =10ma, v =3.3v out in 0 i 1.0a, 3.3v v 7v out in i =10ma, v =4v out in 0 i 1.0a, 4v v 7v out in i =10ma, v =4.8v out in 0 i 1.0a, 4.8v v 7v out in i =10ma, v =6.5v out in 0 i 1.0a, 6.5v v 7v out in 1.238 1.225 1.782 1.764 2.475 2.450 3.267 3.234 4.950 4.900 1.250 1.250 1.800 1.800 2.500 2.500 3.300 3.300 5.000 5.000 1.262 1.275 1.818 1.836 2.525 2.550 3.333 3.366 5.050 5.100 v v v v v line regulation load regulation gm11 17-adj gm11 17-adj gm11 17-1.8 gm11 17-1.8 gm11 17-2.5 gm11 17-2.5 gm11 17-3.3 gm11 17-3.3 gm11 17-5.0 gm11 17-5.0 reg line reg load 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 1.15 3.1 3 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 1.3 7 % % i =10ma, 3.3v v 7v out in i =10ma, 4v v 7v out in i =10ma, 4.8v v 7v out in i =10ma, 6.5v v 7v out in v -v =1.5v, 10ma i 1.0a in out o v =3.3v, 10ma i 1.0a in o v =4.0v, 10ma i 1.0a in o v =4.8v, 10ma i 1.0a in o v =6.5v, 10ma i 1.0a in o dropout voltage current limit minimum load current gm11 17-adj v d i cl i o min i =1.0a out v -v =3v in out v =5v in 1.1 v a ma ma quiescent current gm11 17-1.8 gm11 17-2.5 gm11 17-3.3 gm11 17-5.0 i q 7 7 7 7 13 13 13 13 v =3.3v, 10ma i 1.0a in o v =4.0v, 10ma i 1.0a in o v =4.8v, 10ma i 1.0a in o v =6.5v, 10ma i 1.0a in o 55 0.005 0.003 72 90 adjust pin current t emp. coefficient thermal regulation ripple rejection i =10ma, 2.75v v 7v out in v -v =1.5v, i =10ma in out out t =25c, 30ms pulse a 60 a %/w db gm11 17-adj i adj t c r a v -v =1.5v, i =1.0a in out out %/c 0.04 0.20 i =10ma, 2.75v v 7v out in g m 1 1 1 7 5 a a m i c r o e l e c t r o n i c s g m 111 7 1.0a low dropout precision linear regulators power management
application informa tion gm11 17 linear regulators provide fixed and adjustable output voltages at currents up to 1.0a. these regula- tors are protected against overcurrent conditions and in- clude thermal shutdown protection. the gm11 17's have a composite pnp-npn output transistor and re- quire an output capacitor for stability. a detailed proce- dure for selecting this capacitor follows. adjustable operation the gm11 17 has an output voltage range of 1.25 v to 5.5 v. an external resistor divider sets the output volt- age as shown in figure 1. the regulator maintains a fixed 1.25v (typical) reference between the output pin and the adjust pin. a resistor divider network r1 and r2 causes a fixed current to flow to ground. this current creates a voltage across r2 that adds to the 1.25 v across r1 and sets the overall output voltage. the adjust pin current (typically 50 a) also flows through r2 and adds a small error that should be taken into account if precise adjustment of v is out necessary. the output voltage is set according to the formula: the term i adj r2 represents the error added by the adjust pin current. r1 is chosen so that the minimum load current is at least 2.0 ma. r1 and r2 should be the same type, e.g. metal film for best tracking over temperature. while not required, a bypass capacitor from the adjust pin to ground will improve ripple rejection and transient response. a 0.1 f tantalum capacitor is recommended for ?first cut? design. type and value may be varied to obtain optimum performance vs. price. stability considerations the output compensation capacitor helps to deter- mine three main characteristics of a linear regula- tor's performance: start-up delay, load transient re- sponse, and loop stability. the capacitor value and type is based on cost, availability, size and tempera- ture constraints. a tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitor is preferred, as a film or ceramic capacitor with almost zero esr can cause instability. an alu- minum electrolytic capacitor is the least expensive type, but when the circuit operates at low tempera- tures, both the value and esr of the capacitor will vary widely. for optimum performance over the full operating temperature range, a tantalum capacitor is best. a 22f tantalum capacitor will work fine in most applications, but with high current regulators such as the gm11 17 higher capacitance values will improve the transient response and stability. most ap- plications for the gm11 17's involve large changes in load current, so the output capacitor must supply in- stantaneous load current. the esr of the output ca- pacitor causes an immediate drop in output voltage given by: in microprocessor applications an output capacitor network of several tantalum and ceramic capacitors in parallel is commonly used. this reduces overall esr and minimizes the instantaneous output volt- age drop under transient load conditions. the output capacitor network should be placed as close to the load as possible for the best results. used with large output capacitance values and the input voltage is instantaneously shorted to ground, damage can occur. in this case, a diode connected as shown above in figure 1. g m 1 1 1 7 6 v = v x ( ) + i x r2 out ref adj r1 + r2 r1 d v = i x esr d v ref i adj c adj r1 r2 c 2 c 1 v in v out v in v out adj gm1117 figure 1. resistor divider scheme a a m i c r o e l e c t r o n i c s g m 111 7 1.0a low dropout precision linear regulators power management
output voltage sensing the gm11 17 are three terminal regulators. for which, they cannot provide true remote load sensing. load regulation is limited by the resistance of the conductors connecting the regulator to the load. for best results the gm11 17 should be connected are as shown in figure 3. calculating power dissipation and heat sink requirements the gm11 17 precision linear regulators include thermal shutdown and current limit circuitry to protect the de- vices. however, high power regulators normally oper- ate at high junction temperatures. it is important to cal- culate the power dissipation and junction temperatures accurately to be sure that you use and adequate heat sink. the case is connected to v on the gm11 17, out and electrical isolation may be required for some appli- cations. thermal compound should always be used with high current regulators like the gm11 17. gm1117-3.3 v in v out r load r c gnd v in conductor parasitic resistance (a) fixed version (b) adjustable version gm1117-adj a dj v out v in v in r c r load r1 r2 (a),(b) figure 3 conductor parasitic resistance effects are minimized by this grounding scheme for fixed and adjustable output regulators g m 1 1 1 7 7 protection diodes when large external capacitors are used with most linear regulator, it is wise to add protection diodes. if the input voltage of the regulator is shorted, the out- put capacitor will discharge into the output of the reg- ulator. the discharge current depends on the value of capacitor, output voltage, and rate at which v in drops. in the gm11 17 linear regulators, the discharge path is through a large junction, and protection diodes are normally not needed. however, damage can occur if the regulator is used with large output capacitance values and the input voltage is instantaneously shorted to ground. in this case, a diode connected as shown above in figure 2. (a),(b) figure 2 protection diode scheme for large output capacitors (a) fixed version (b) adjustable version v in v out c adj gm1117-adj a dj v in v out c1 c2 r1 r2 gm11 17-3.3 gnd v in v out c1 in4002 c2 v in v out in4002 conductor parasitic resistance a a m i c r o e l e c t r o n i c s g m 111 7 1.0a low dropout precision linear regulators power management
g m 1 1 1 7 8 the thermal characteristics of an ic depend four fac- tors: 1. maximum ambient t emperature t (c) a 2. power dissipation p (watts) d 3. maximum junction t emperature t (c) j 4. thermal resistance junction to ambient r ja q (c/w) the relationship of these four factors is expressed by equation (1): maximum ambient temperature and power dissipa- tion are determined by the design while the maximum junction temperature and thermal resistance depend on the manufacturer and the package type. the maximum power dissipation for a regulator is ex- pressed by equation (2): where: v is the maximum input voltage, in(max) v is the minimum output voltage, out(min) i is the maximum output current out(max) i is the maximum quiescent current at i . q out(max) a heat sink effectively increases the surface area of the package to improve the flow of heat away from the ic into the air. each material in the heat flow path between the ic and the environment has a thermal re- sistance. like series electrical resistances, these re- sistance are summed to determine r , the total q ja thermal resistance between the junction and the air. this is expressed by equation (3): where all of the following are in c/w: r is thermal resistance of junction to case, q jc r is thermal resistance of case to heat sink, q cs r is thermal resistance of heat sink to ambient air q sa the value for r is calculated using equation (3) q ja and the result can be substituted in equation (1). the value for r is 3.5c/w for a given package type q jc based on an average die size. for a high current reg- ulator such as the gm11 17 the majority of the heat is generated in the power transistor section. t = t + p x r ........ jad j a (1) q p = { v - v } i + v i ) d(max) in(max) out(min) out(max in(max) q ........(2) r = r + r + r ja jc cs sa ........(3) qqqq a a m i c r o e l e c t r o n i c s g m 111 7 1.0a low dropout precision linear regulators power management
typical performance characteristics 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.75 0 200 400 600 800 1000 i (ma) out v d r o p o u t figure 3. dropout voltage vs. output current 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 -0.02 -0.04 -0.06 -0.08 -0.10 -0.12 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 t (c) j o u t p u t v o l t a g e d e v i a t i o n ( % ) figure 4. reference voltage vs. t emperature 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 temperature (c) a d j u s t p i n c u r r e n t ( a ) 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 1 10 2 3 4 5 6 10 10 10 10 10 frequency(hz) r i p p l e r e j e c t i o n ( d b ) figure 5. adjust pin current vs. t emperature figure 6. ripple rejection vs. frequency 300 200 100 0 -100 -200 1000 500 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time(s) l o a d s t e p ( m a ) v o l t a g e d e v i a t i o n ( m v ) figure 7. transient response 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 v - v in out(v) i ( a ) s c figure 8. short circuit current vs. v -v in out t = 0c case t = 25c case t = 125c case i = 10ma o v = 3.3v out c = c = 22f t antalum out in c =0.1f adj t = 25c case i = 1.0a out (v - v ) = 3.0v in out v = 1.0vp-p ripple c =0.1f adj g m 1 1 1 7 9 a a m i c r o e l e c t r o n i c s g m 111 7 1.0a low dropout precision linear regulators power management
g m 1 1 1 7 10 sot- 223 p ackage outline dimensions 0~10 pad layout 0.059 1.5 0.059 1.5 0.059 1.5 0.248 6.3 0.091 2.3 0.091 2.3 0.079 2.0 0.079 2.0 inches mm 0.15 3.8 unit: mm 3.0 0.05 7.0 0.15 1.75 0.10 3.5 0.10 0.70 0.05 2.30typ 4.6 0.1 0.95typ 0~0.075 0.3 0.05 0.65 0.10 1.80max 0.60 1.75 0.10 0.06 0.04 6.50 0.10 1.6 0.10 0.84 0.46 13 13 to-252-3 p ackage outline dimensions 6.50 0.05 5.340 0.05 29 0.5 ref 0.6 6.10 0.05 7.20 0.05 0.75 0.10 0.89 0.05 0.81 0.038 2.30 0.05 0.508 0.0127 7 7 7 0.070 0.05 1.0 0.05 0.75 0.10 1.525 0.10 2.70 0.10 9.900 2 r0.15 max unit: mm r 0.25 0.13 a a m i c r o e l e c t r o n i c s g m 111 7 1.0a low dropout precision linear regulators pad layo ut 0.244 6.20 0.228 5.80 0.118 3.0 0.063 1.6 0.243 6.172 0.101 2.58 inches mm ( ) power management
g m 1 1 1 7 11 to-220 p ackage outline dimensions 9.90 0.20 3.60 0.20 1.50 dp0.20 1 3 . 0 8 0 . 2 0 9 . 2 0 0 . 2 0 3.70 0.20 1.30 2.80 0.10 1 5 . 9 0 0 . 2 0 1 8 . 9 5 m a x 1 0 . 0 8 0 . 3 0 1.52 0.10 0.80 0.10 2.54 typ (2.54 0.20) 0.50 2.40 0.20 unit: mm 1.30 0.10 4.50 0.20 8.70 1.70 4.60 1.46 1.00 3.00 45 +0.1 -0.05 3 3 3 +0.1 -0.05 8.0 7.0 7.0 0.9 3-r0.2 10.00 0.20 3 3 8.40 1.27 0.10 2 - r 0.3 pad layout 0.33 8.38 0.63 17.02 0.12 3.05 0.04 1.016 0.24 6.096 0.42 10.66 inches mm ( ) a a m i c r o e l e c t r o n i c s g m 111 7 1.0a low dropout precision linear regulators to-263-2 p ackage outline dimensions 9.90 0.20 15 0.40 1.50 dp0.20 9.20 0.20 4.90 0.20 15.3 0.20 1.27 0.10 0.90 0.10 2.54 typ (2.54 0.20) 1.4 0.20 3 4.50 0.20 1.30 +0.1 -0.05 0.10 0.01 2.40 0.20 2.00 0.10 r0.30 r0.30 2.54 0.10 0.50 +0.1 -0.05 4.0 7.0 10.0 0.20 0.40 0.90 7.2 9.20 0.20 4.90 0.20 unit: mm 10.00 0.20 3 3 1.20 r 0.45 0.75 3 3 r 0.3 power management
g m 1 1 1 7 12 ordering number gm 111 7 a st3 r gamma micro. circuit type output voltage a: adj, 1.5: 1.5v 1.8: 1.8v , 2.5: 2.5v 2.85: 2.85v , 3.0: 3.0v 3.3: 3.3v , 5.0: 5.0v package tc3: to-252 tb3: to-220 ta3: t o-263-2 st3: sot-223 shipping r: t ape & reel t : tube a a m i c r o e l e c t r o n i c s g m 111 7 1.0a low dropout precision linear regulators power management
a a m i c r o e l e c t r o n i c s g m 111 7 1.0a low dropout precision linear regulators power management g m 1 1 1 7 13

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